Compare Jan Mayen (2005) - Nepal (2004)

Compare Jan Mayen (2005) z Nepal (2004)

	Jan Mayen (2005)	Nepal (2004)

Administrative divisions	-	14 zones (anchal, singular and plural); Bagmati, Bheri, Dhawalagiri, Gandaki, Janakpur, Karnali, Kosi, Lumbini, Mahakali, Mechi, Narayani, Rapti, Sagarmatha, Seti
Age structure	-	0-14 years: 39.4% (male 5,500,698; female 5,151,705) 15-64 years: 57% (male 7,912,553; female 7,518,430) 65 years and over: 3.6% (male 483,998; female 503,282) (2004 est.)
Agriculture - products	-	rice, corn, wheat, sugarcane, root crops; milk, water buffalo meat
Airports	1 (2004 est.)	46 (2003 est.)
Airports - with paved runways	-	total: 9 over 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 7 (2004 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways	total: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2004 est.)	total: 37 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 7 under 914 m: 29 (2004 est.)
Area	total: 373 sq km land: 373 sq km water: 0 sq km	total: 140,800 sq km land: 136,800 sq km water: 4,000 sq km
Area - comparative	slightly more than twice the size of Washington, DC	slightly larger than Arkansas
Background	This desolate, mountainous island was named after a Dutch whaling captain who indisputably discovered it in 1614 (earlier claims are inconclusive). Visited only occasionally by seal hunters and trappers over the following centuries, the island came under Norwegian sovereignty in 1929. The long dormant Haakon VII Toppen/Beerenberg volcano resumed activity in 1970; it is the northernmost active volcano on earth.	In 1951, the Nepalese monarch ended the century-old system of rule by hereditary premiers and instituted a cabinet system of government. Reforms in 1990 established a multiparty democracy within the framework of a constitutional monarchy. A Maoist insurgency, launched in 1996, has gained traction and is threatening to bring down the regime, especially after a negotiated cease-fire between the Maoists and government forces broke down in August 2003. In 2001, the crown prince massacred ten members of the royal family, including the king and queen, and then took his own life. In October 2002, the new king dismissed the prime minister and his cabinet for "incompetence" after they dissolved the parliament and were subsequently unable to hold elections because of the ongoing insurgency. While stopping short of reestablishing parliament, the king in June 2004 reinstated the most recently elected Prime Minister who formed a four-party coalition government, which the king subsequently tasked with paving the way for elections to be held in spring of 2005.
Birth rate	-	31.96 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Budget	-	revenues: $665 million expenditures: $1.1 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (FY99/00 est.)
Capital	-	Kathmandu
Climate	arctic maritime with frequent storms and persistent fog	varies from cool summers and severe winters in north to subtropical summers and mild winters in south
Coastline	124.1 km	0 km (landlocked)
Constitution	-	9 November 1990
Country name	conventional long form: none conventional short form: Jan Mayen	conventional long form: Kingdom of Nepal conventional short form: Nepal
Currency	-	Nepalese rupee (NPR)
Death rate	-	9.66 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Debt - external	-	$2.7 billion (2001)
Dependency status	territory of Norway; since August 1994, administered from Oslo through the county governor (fylkesmann) of Nordland; however, authority has been delegated to a station commander of the Norwegian Defense Communication Service	-
Diplomatic representation from the US	-	chief of mission: Ambassador James F. MORIARTY embassy: Panipokhari, Kathmandu mailing address: use embassy street address telephone: [977] (1) 411179 FAX: [977] (1) 419963
Diplomatic representation in the US	-	chief of mission: Ambassador Kedar Bhakta SHRESTHA chancery: 2131 Leroy Place NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 667-4550 FAX: [1] (202) 667-5534 consulate(s) general: New York
Disputes - international	none	joint border commission continues to work on small disputed sections of boundary with India; India has instituted a stricter border regime to restrict transit of Maoist insurgents and illegal cross-border activities
Economic aid - recipient	-	$424 million (FY00/01)
Economy - overview	Jan Mayen is a volcanic island with no exploitable natural resources. Economic activity is limited to providing services for employees of Norway's radio and meteorological stations on the island.	Nepal is among the poorest and least developed countries in the world with 42% of its population living below the poverty line. Agriculture is the mainstay of the economy, providing a livelihood for over 80% of the population and accounting for 40% of GDP. Industrial activity mainly involves the processing of agricultural produce including jute, sugarcane, tobacco, and grain. Security concerns in the wake of the Maoist conflict and the 11 September 2001 terrorist attacks in the US have led to a decrease in tourism, a key source of foreign exchange. Nepal has considerable scope for exploiting its potential in hydropower and tourism, areas of recent foreign investment interest. Prospects for foreign trade or investment in other sectors will remain poor, however, because of the small size of the economy, its technological backwardness, its remoteness, its landlocked geographic location, its civil strife, and its susceptibility to natural disaster. The international community's role of funding more than 60% of Nepal's development budget and more than 28% of total budgetary expenditures will likely continue as a major ingredient of growth.
Electricity - consumption	-	1.764 billion kWh (2001)
Electricity - exports	-	95 million kWh (2001)
Electricity - imports	-	227 million kWh (2001)
Electricity - production	-	1.755 billion kWh (2001)
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Norwegian Sea 0 m highest point: Haakon VII Toppen/Beerenberg 2,277 m	lowest point: Kanchan Kalan 70 m highest point: Mount Everest 8,850 m (1999)
Environment - current issues	NA	deforestation (overuse of wood for fuel and lack of alternatives); contaminated water (with human and animal wastes, agricultural runoff, and industrial effluents); wildlife conservation; vehicular emissions
Environment - international agreements	-	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Marine Life Conservation
Ethnic groups	-	Brahman, Chetri, Newar, Gurung, Magar, Tamang, Rai, Limbu, Sherpa, Tharu, and others (1995)
Exchange rates	-	Nepalese rupees per US dollar - 76.1414 (2003), 77.8766 (2002), 74.9492 (2001), 71.0938 (2000), 68.2394 (1999)
Executive branch	-	chief of state: King GYANENDRA Bir Bikram Shah (succeeded to the throne 4 June 2001 following the death of his nephew, King DIPENDRA Bir Bikram Shah) head of government: Prime Minister Sher Bahadur DEUBA (since 3 June 2004); note - Prime Minister THAPA resigned 7 May 2004 cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the monarch on the recommendation of the prime minister elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or leader of a majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the monarch note: King BIRENDRA Bir Bikram Shah Dev died in a bloody shooting at the royal palace on 1 June 2001 that also claimed the lives of most of the royal family; King BIRENDRA's son, Crown Price DIPENDRA, is believed to have been responsible for the shootings before fatally wounding himself; immediately following the shootings and while still clinging to life, DIPENDRA was crowned king; he died three days later and was succeeded by his uncle
Exports	-	NA (2001)
Exports - commodities	-	carpets, clothing, leather goods, jute goods, grain
Exports - partners	-	India 50.7%, US 26%, Germany 6.6% (2003)
Fiscal year	-	16 July - 15 July
Flag description	the flag of Norway is used	red with a blue border around the unique shape of two overlapping right triangles; the smaller, upper triangle bears a white stylized moon and the larger, lower triangle bears a white 12-pointed sun
GDP	-	purchasing power parity - $38.29 billion (2003 est.)
GDP - composition by sector	-	agriculture: 40% industry: 20% services: 40% (2002 est.)
GDP - per capita	-	purchasing power parity - $1,400 (2003 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	-	3% (2003 est.)
Geographic coordinates	71 00 N, 8 00 W	28 00 N, 84 00 E
Geography - note	barren volcanic island with some moss and grass	landlocked; strategic location between China and India; contains eight of world's 10 highest peaks, including Mount Everest - the world's tallest - on the border with China
Highways	-	total: 13,223 km paved: 4,073 km unpaved: 9,150 km (1999 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	-	lowest 10%: 3.2% highest 10%: 29.8% (1995-96)
Illicit drugs	-	illicit producer of cannabis and hashish for the domestic and international drug markets; transit point for opiates from Southeast Asia to the West
Imports	-	NA (2001)
Imports - commodities	-	gold, machinery and equipment, petroleum products, fertilizer
Imports - partners	-	India 22.9%, China 13.4%, UAE 12.5%, Singapore 7.1%, Saudi Arabia 5.5%, Kuwait 4.6% (2003)
Independence	-	1768 (unified by Prithvi Narayan Shah)
Industrial production growth rate	-	8.7% (FY99/00)
Industries	-	tourism, carpet, textile; small rice, jute, sugar, and oilseed mills; cigarette; cement and brick production
Infant mortality rate	-	total: 68.77 deaths/1,000 live births male: 67.1 deaths/1,000 live births female: 70.53 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	-	2.9% (2002 est.)
International organization participation	-	AsDB, CP, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO (correspondent), ITU, MICAH, MIGA, MONUC, NAM, ONUB, OPCW, SAARC, SACEP, UN, UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNDOF, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMEE, UNMIK, UNMIL, UNMISET, UNOCI, UNTSO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, WToO, WTrO (observer)
Irrigated land	0 sq km (1998 est.)	11,350 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch	-	Supreme Court or Sarbochha Adalat (chief justice is appointed by the monarch on recommendation of the Constitutional Council; the other judges are appointed by the monarch on the recommendation of the Judicial Council)
Labor force	-	10 million note: severe lack of skilled labor (1996 est.)
Labor force - by occupation	-	agriculture 81%, industry 3%, services 16%
Land boundaries	0 km	total: 2,926 km border countries: China 1,236 km, India 1,690 km
Land use	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (2001)	arable land: 21.68% permanent crops: 0.64% other: 77.68% (2001)
Languages	-	Nepali (official; spoken by 90% of the population), about a dozen other languages and about 30 major dialects; note - many in government and business also speak English (1995)
Legal system	the laws of Norway, where applicable, apply	based on Hindu legal concepts and English common law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch	-	bicameral Parliament consists of the National Council (60 seats; 35 appointed by the House of Representatives, 10 by the king, and 15 elected by an electoral college; one-third of the members elected every two years to serve six-year terms) and the House of Representatives (205 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: House of Representatives - last held 3 and 17 May 1999 (next election NA 2004) note: Nepal's Parliament was dissolved on 22 May 2002 election results: House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NC 37.3%, CPN/UML 31.6%, NDP 10.4%, NSP 3.2%, Rastriya Jana Morcha 1.4%, Samyukta Janmorcha Nepal 0.8%, NWPP 0.5%, others 14.8%; seats by party - NC 113, CPN/UML 69, NDP 11, NSP 5, Rastriya Jana Morcha 5, Samyukta Janmorcha Nepal 1, NWPP 1
Life expectancy at birth	-	total population: 59.4 years male: 59.73 years female: 59.06 years (2004 est.)
Literacy	-	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 45.2% male: 62.7% female: 27.6% (2003 est.)
Location	Northern Europe, island between the Greenland Sea and the Norwegian Sea, northeast of Iceland	Southern Asia, between China and India
Map references	Arctic Region	Asia
Maritime claims	territorial sea: 4 nm contiguous zone: 10 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation	none (landlocked)
Military - note	defense is the responsibility of Norway	-
Military branches	-	Royal Nepalese Army (includes Royal Nepalese Army Air Service), Nepalese Police Force
Military expenditures - dollar figure	-	$295 million (FY03)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	-	1.6% (2003)
Military manpower - availability	-	males age 15-49: 6,865,849 (2004 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service	-	males age 15-49: 3,566,576 (2004 est.)
Military manpower - reaching military age annually	-	males: 308,776 (2004 est.)
National holiday	-	Birthday of King GYANENDRA, 7 July (1946)
Nationality	-	noun: Nepalese (singular and plural) adjective: Nepalese
Natural hazards	dominated by the volcano Haakon VII Toppen/Beerenberg; volcanic activity resumed in 1970	severe thunderstorms, flooding, landslides, drought, and famine depending on the timing, intensity, and duration of the summer monsoons
Natural resources	none	quartz, water, timber, hydropower, scenic beauty, small deposits of lignite, copper, cobalt, iron ore
Net migration rate	-	0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Political parties and leaders	-	Communist Party of Nepal/United Marxist-Leninist or CPN/UML [Madhav Kumar NEPAL, general secretary]; National Democratic Party or NDP (also called Rastriya Prajantra Party or RPP) [Surya Bahadur THAPA, chairman]; People's Front Nepal (Rastriya Jana Morcha) [Chitra BAHADUR, chairman]; Nepal Sadbhavana (Goodwill) Party or NSP [Bhadri Prasad MANDAL, acting party president]; Nepal Workers and Peasants Party or NWPP [Narayan Man BIJUKCHHE, party chairman]; Nepali Congress or NC [Girija Prasad KOIRALA, party president; Sushil KOIRALA, general secretary]; Nepali Congress-Democratic [Sher Bahadur DEUBA, president]; Samyukta Janmorcha Nepal [NA leader]
Political pressure groups and leaders	-	Maoist guerrilla-based insurgency [Pushpa Kamal DAHAL, also known as PRAHANDA, chairman; Dr. Baburam BHATTARAI, from Communist Party of Nepal/Maoist, chief negotiator]; numerous small, left-leaning student groups in the capital; several small, radical Nepalese antimonarchist groups
Population	no indigenous inhabitants note: personnel operate the Long Range Navigation (Loran-C) base and the weather and coastal services radio station (July 2005 est.)	27,070,666 (July 2004 est.)
Population below poverty line	-	42% (1995-96)
Population growth rate	-	2.23% (2004 est.)
Ports and harbors	none; offshore anchorage only	none
Radio broadcast stations	AM NA, FM NA, shortwave NA note: there is one radio and meteorological station (1998)	AM 6, FM 5, shortwave 1 (January 2000)
Railways	-	total: 59 km narrow gauge: 59 km 0.762-m gauge (2003)
Religions	-	Hinduism 86.2%, Buddhism 7.8%, Islam 3.8%, other 2.2% note: only official Hindu state in the world (1995)
Sex ratio	-	at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.07 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.96 male(s)/female total population: 1.06 male(s)/female (2004 est.)
Suffrage	-	18 years of age; universal
Telephone system	-	general assessment: poor telephone and telegraph service; fair radiotelephone communication service and mobile cellular telephone network domestic: NA international: country code - 977; radiotelephone communications; microwave landline to India; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use	-	371,800 (2003)
Telephones - mobile cellular	-	50,400 (2003)
Television broadcast stations	-	1 (plus 9 repeaters) (1998)
Terrain	volcanic island, partly covered by glaciers	Terai or flat river plain of the Ganges in south, central hill region, rugged Himalayas in north
Total fertility rate	-	4.29 children born/woman (2004 est.)
Unemployment rate	-	47% (2001 est.)

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